Castle of GuimarãesThe original construction of the Castle of Guimarães dates back to the time of Dona Mumadona Dias, who ordered its building in the 10th century to defend the Monastery (which she had founded to live there when she became a widow) from the attacks of Muslims and Normans.
More than a century later, Count Dom Henrique (to whom the Portuguese county had been granted) chose Guimarães to establish his court: maybe he took this decision due to the safety conditions given by the Castle of St. Mamede (name given by its founder). The Fortress, more than 100 years old, needed urgent reforms and the nobleman chose to throw down what remained from Mumadona's construction, extending the area of the 10th century Fortress with new and powerful walls. He still had two entrances opened: the main one on the west side, to watch the borough, and the east one, called the
Traição (Betrayal) door.
During the reign of King Dinis a new rebuilding was required due to the fights he had with his son, the future King Afonso IV. The last works were done during the reign of King John I, who ordered the building of the towers that flank the two entrances.
The Castle of Guimarães stopped interfering in the defence of the town's population since the 15th century. Several warlike episodes remained behind, such as the Guimarães siege, around 1127, when Afonso VII, King of Leon, attempted to claim vassalage from Dom Afonso Henriques. Egas Moniz, his chamberlain, noticing the despairing situation of the town, assured his master's vassalage. The siege was raised, but the Portuguese Prince didn't keep the promise made by his chamberlain so the latter went with his family to the Kingdom of Leon, with a rope around their neck, to offer their lives as a ransom for the word given. Other incidents involved this Castle from the historic day July 24th, 1128, when Dom Afonso Henriques and his mother, Dona Teresa, fought in the Battle of St. Mamede, near the Fortress. The victory of Dom Afonso Henriques started the Foundation of Portugal, until 1385, when King John I besieged and conquered Guimarães with the help of its inhabitants.
A prison was settled in the interior of the Castle in the 16th century and during the 17th century it worked as His Majesty's haystack. The state of ruin of the Castle grew worse and worse.
In 1836, one of the members of the
Sociedade Patriótica Vimaranense (Patriotic Society of Guimarães) - created to promote the local interests - defended the demolition of the Castle and the use of its stones to pave the streets of Guimarães as the fortress had been used as a political prison during the reign of King Michael. Such suggestion, fortunately, was never accepted. 45 years later, on March 19th, 1881, the
Diário do Governo (Diary of the Govern) listed the Castle of Guimarães as the unique first class historic monument of the whole region of Minho.
In 1910 this Castle was declared as a National Monument and, in 1937, the
DGEMN (General Service for National Buildings and Monuments) started its great restoration, concluded and inaugurated on June 4th, 1940, by the time of the Celebration of the 8th Centenary of the Foundation of the Nationality.
Until our days, the Castle of Guimarães appears as an
ex-libris of Portugal on great events.
Textos retirados do site do IPPAR (Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico)Texts from the webpage of IPPAR (
Portuguese Institute of Architectural Heritage)